The World Customs Organization (WCO) is an intergovernmental body that promotes the harmonisation and efficiency of customs systems around the world. Headquartered in Brussels, it has 184 member countries, making it one of the most widely adopted platforms for global trade cooperation.
Created in 1952 (originally as the Customs Co-operation Council), the WCO supports fair, secure, and efficient movement of goods across borders – and is deeply connected to the smooth functioning of maritime trade.
Maritime transport depends on clear, fast, and transparent customs systems at ports and terminals. The WCO helps:
• Reduce delays and paperwork for imports and exports
• Combat smuggling, counterfeiting, and fraud
• Support digitalisation of port and customs processes
• Ensure alignment of tariffs, codes, and data exchange
• Facilitate security checks without blocking flow
Without modern customs, containers pile up, ships wait at anchor, and global supply chains fracture.
1. Harmonised System (HS Codes)
The WCO maintains the HS – a universal coding system used to classify goods.
It forms the basis for tariffs, documentation, and electronic clearance – essential in shipping and trade.
2. Customs Procedures & Risk Management Tools
Develops simplified clearance processes, trusted trader schemes, and risk-based inspections.
3. Data and Digital Trade
Promotes Single Window systems and paperless trade corridors, linking customs with ports, carriers, and freight operators.
4. Capacity Building
Supports customs reforms and training in developing countries, especially in port zones.
5. Security and Compliance
Helps detect illicit trade, weapons, trafficking, and environmental crime (e.g. illegal timber or waste shipments).
The WCO shapes what happens when cargo reaches a port:
• Ensures goods are classified and taxed correctly
• Avoids duplication or corruption in inspections
• Integrates customs with logistics software and port systems
• Encourages cooperation between customs authorities, terminal operators, and maritime agencies
For example, a container arriving in Constanța or Singapore must go through processes guided by WCO standards – from manifest submission to clearance and release.
The WCO promotes:
• Green customs: environmental standards at borders
• Digital customs transformation
• Inclusive trade: ensuring small businesses benefit from simplified procedures
It connects economic efficiency with transparency, security, and global cooperation.
How does the WCO help reduce delays and build trust in global maritime trade?
